Means for casting ingots.



Patented Apr. 23, 190|.- A. J. LUSTIG.

MEANS FR CASTING INGOTS.

(Application-med Nov. 2B, 1899.)

No. 672,447. Patented Apr. 23, mm. A. J. LusTlG.

MEANS FOR CASTING INGUTS.

(Application led Nov. 28. 1899.)

3 Sheets- Shelet 2.

'Ulu Model.)

Patented Apr. 23, I90I. A. J. LUSTIG. y MEANS FOR CASTING INGOTS,

(Application fled Nov. 28, 1899) 3 Sheets--Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

Fia@

"Unire Seres arnnr trice@ ADOLPI-IUS. J. LUSTIG, OF NEIVARK, NE\VJERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF TVVO'Q FIFTI-IS TO ISAAC LEI-IMAN, OF SAME PLACE,AND LOUIS KAHN, OF

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Means ron Casi-ine unsereA srnortrcatrton forming part of Letters PatentNo. 672,44*?, dated April 2e, 190i.

Application filed November 28', 1899. Serial No. 738,581. (No modelo Toal?, whom, ri hefty oonccrn.- v

Be it known that I, ADOLPHUS J. LSTIG, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, in the count-y of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for CastingIngots; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the in Vention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use` the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification. s

This invention relates to improvements in supports for molds for castingsteel ill-gots; and the invention has for its primary objects to securea more perfect exclusion of atmospheric oxygen from the molten steel inthe operation of casting ingots, and thus prevent decarbonization andoxidation, and to secure many other advantages and results, all of whichwill be hereinafter more fully set forth. My present invention thereforeconsists in the novel construction of mold-support and parts connectedtherewith, as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

My invention consists, furthermore, in the several novel arrangementsand combinations of the various parts as well as the details ofconstruction of `such parts, all of Whichwill f taken in line 7 7 inFig. 5;

be described more in detail in the accompanying specification and thenfinally embodied in the clauses of the claim, which form a part of thisinvention.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying` drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a central vertical section of the `mold-support andparts connected, therewith with the mold in position thereon, said moldbeing represented partly in vertical section and partly in elevation.Fig. 2 is a horizonlal section laken on line 2 2 in said Fig.` l.

Figs. 3, e, and 6 are similar sections taken,

a mold-support therefor embodying the principles of my presentinvention. Fig. 9 isa plan or top view of the several parts illustratedin said Fig. 8, and Fig. l0 is a detail cross-section taken on line lO10 in said` Fig. 9.

Similailetters of reference are employed in all of the saidabove-described views to indicate iorresponding pants.

In the said drawings, in Figs. l to 7, incinsive, a. indicates the baseor foundation, the same consisting, essentially, of a base-plate a andthe upwardly-extending and surrounding sides a2, thus forming a box-likebase or foundation. 'Extending from the inner sur faces of the sides d2,preferably formedY integral with said sides and with the inner surfaceof rthe base-plate ct', are any desirable number of inwardly-extendingsupportingribs 0,3, which are formed with the inclined edges CL4, whichform a support for 'the moldsupport b, at the same time serving toproperly and centrally support said mold-support in the said boxlikebase or foundation. The said support b is made of cast-iron or otherporous metal and is preferably made inthe manner of a truncated pyramidof four sides, its downwardly-tapering sides b resting on said ribs a3,substantially as illustrated, whereby the surrounding open spaces d5 areformed, as clearly illustrated in Figs. o and 7,`the said spaces beingfilled with a loose material @t6-such as pumice-stone, asbestos, orother material of alike characterwhich is a good conductor of heat.Leading into and extending through one or more of the said sides a2 ofthe box-like foundation a are suitable gas-pipes or other conveyingductsa7 for the purposes to be hereinafter more fully set forth. The saidmold-support b is provided with a central duct or chamber bx, extendingupwardly from the bottom of the support to a point near the top thereof,and is also provided with any suitable number of ducts b2, which radiatefrom the upper portion of said central doctor chamber 19X to thesidesyof.r the support b,.a s illustrated in Figs. l and `6.` 1 Topermit of the free passage of any from` said duets o? into the openspaces di, where such ducts terminate directly in front of the inclinededges of the ribs a3, the-latter are cut away to form suitablepassage-Wayscs, as clearly illustrated; but of course it will be fullyunderstood that the said ducts b2 may be arranged in any other desirablemanner so as not to terminate directly in front of said ribs. The uppersurface of the said mold-support b is preferably provided with raisedportions b3 of any desirable configuration and the channels b4 at theupper part of the support, as and for the purpose to be hereinafterfully set forth. Resting directly u pon the uppersurface of this supportb is a cast-iron plate c, provided with a square or othersuitably-shaped depression or recess c', in which are placed a plate c2,of metal, and a plate c3, of a refractory material, as graphite or otherlike material, for receiving the stream of molten metal when firstpoured into the mold d through a perforated plate d on the top thereof.The said mold d rests centrally upon said plate c, being retained in itsproper position upon the plate by a suitablel keeper-plate e, whichconsists,

preferably, of four pieces, as shown in the several figures of thedrawings,resting upon those portions of the plate c between the outersurrounding surface of the sides of the mold and the inner surroundingsurfaces of the upper portions of the sides a2 of the box-likefoundation a, and each portion of the said keeperplate e having rings orhandles, as e, for the removal of said parts of the keeperplate whendesired. Surrounding the outer and lower portion of the mold d andresting upon the keeper-plate e is au open frame f, forming a receptacleprovided with perforations or holes f2 in its sides j", which surroundthe lower portion of the mold,said vessel-shaped frame being for thereception of a carbonaceous material f3, such as tallow or any othersuitable material. The mold'd, which may be of any well-known form andconstruction, is preferably recessed inl its several sides, as at d2,and has secured in said recesses suitable steelplates d3, which aresecured in position by means of bolts d4, screwed into the mold andpassing through slots 035 in said plates cl3 to allow of the expansionand contraction of said plates as the mold d becomes heated or cooled.

These several parts having been properly placed in their respectivepositions, as de# scribed, and as shown in Figs. l to 7, inclusive,hydrocarbon or hydrogen gas is slowly admitted through the pipe or pipesa7 into the loose material a6 surrounding the sides and the bottom ofthe mold-support b, as clearly indicated in the Iigu res of thedrawings, thereby completely filling the surrounding spaces 0t5betweenthe inner walls of the base or foundation aA and the sides and bottom ofthe mold-support b. While some of the gas immediately upon itsintroduction will pass around the outside of the plate c, this loss ofgas is trifiing, since the keeper-plate e, especially when expanded bythe heat from the molten metal in the mold, will prevent any furtherescape of gas. The greater portion of gas will thus be collected in thespaces which surround the mold-support, from which it passes directlyinto the central duct or channber and into the radiating ductsin'saidmoldsupport b, permeating the pores thereof and expelling allatmospheric air from the boxlike foundation a and the mold-support b andother parts connected therewith, as will be clearly evident. At the sametime some of the gas will pass from the spaces a5 into the grooves b4,where it is collected and from which spaces the gas passes through theporous metal plate c when the latter becomes thoroughly heated in themanner and for the purposes to be presently set forth. I now proceed tocast the molten metal into the top of the ingot-mold d through theperforation or opening in the plate d on the top thereof in the usualmanner, the plate d preventing the atmospheric air from coming incontact with the molten metal, and hence preventing oxidation. The heatfrom the metal is soon transmitted to the plate c and the channeledupper portion of the support b, and'I then turn on a stronger supply ofhydrocarbon gas or hydrogen gas into the box-like foundation a. Atthesame 4time the carbonaceous materialf in the frame f begins to melt andflows lthrough the perforations or holes]c2 in the sides f', and thehydrogen gas or hydrocarbon gas therefrom and that from the boxlikefoundation a is drawn or otherwise forced through the pores of thevmetal top of the support b, lodging in the channels b4 and passingthrough the pores of the plate cinto the metal in the mold d. Thecarbonaceous gas from the tallow in the frame f also passes through thepores in the sides of the-mold and ffills up the surrounding crevices,thereby preventing any inux of the atmospheric oxygen through thecrevices of the surrounding keeper-plate and the plate c into the bottomof the mold d. In this. manner the metal in the mold is prevented frombeing decarbonized, and any oxid that may have formed in the process ofpouring is deoxidized and all oxygen is driven off with the superfluousgas. Thus the metal is held in a proper condition free from oxids, whichtend to reduce the value of the metal and are the cause of producingimperfect ingots. By means of the above-described construction andarrangement of the several parts and by this process I reduce thegeneration of carbonaceous gas in the second stage of the cooling, whenthe outer parts of the ingot are hardened and the center parts are stillliquid, and thus there will be no forming of blow-holes within theingot, due to the introduction of a greater quantity of gas than themetal can absorb, and, furthermore, the piping of the ingot is almost,if not entirely, overcome.

In Figs. 8, 9, and l() I have illustrated my invention as applied toagroup of molds which are used with a mold-support and a standpipe, as1', in the process of what is commonly IIO terial a6, hereinabovementioned.

- channels b for the reception of clay or tile` termed bottom casting.In the construction illustrated more especially in Fig. 8 I haveillustrated one form of base-plate orfoundation a9, which may becircular in outline, but may be of any other suitable configuration, aswill be clearly understood. This baseplate or foundation has theupwardly extending and surrounding sides ctw formed with an internalannular step or shoulder du and the chamber 0,12 for the reception ofthe loose ma- Leading into this chamber are one or more pipes orgas-conveying ducts c7 for supplying the said chamber du with thehydrocarbon gas or hydrogen gas, as will be clearly understood. Placedupon the shoulder or step d of this base-plate or foundation a9 is amold-support b5, which is provided with suitably-disposed pipes orconductors h. Each conductor is preferably made rectangular incross-section, so as to be readily tted into the said channels bs, beingprovided with a cent-ral duct h' and each conductor h having aprojection h2 at one end and a recessed portion h3 at the other end,whereby several conductors h can be operatively connected, so as to forma conveying-duct from the central conductor directly beneath thestand-pipe t to the end conductor h directly beneath the mold d. Eachend conductor has an outlet h6 to establish communication with thebottom of the mold d, and the central conductor h has an inlet h5, whichcommunicates With the interior of the stand-pipe t'. The conductors hare preferably covered with a layer of carbonaceous material 7b4, suchas asphaltum or the like, and directly beneath the conductors h is lefta space b?, with which are in communication cert-ain upward ly-extendiugducts or holes 198 directly contiguous to the said conductors h, whichare for the purpose of carrying olf any undue supply of gas, that mighttend to force the conductors h from their proper positions in thechannels b6 in the mold-support b5. Ar-

ranged directly above the said conductors tmay be the receptacles f4,provided with a base f5, sides fr', and perforations or holes f7 in saidbase f5, said receptacles f4 being for the reception of a carbonaceouscompound f asphaltum and tallow or other suitable material for thepurpose of flowing over said conductors h and through the ducts bs intothe space 67, where this hydrocarbon compound volatilizes, so that thegas produced is forced through the pores of the metal into the severalmolds on the mold-support. When the molten metal is poured through theperforated plate or cover t2 upon the funnel-shaped receiving portion t"ot' the stand-pipe t, which may be made integral with the top of saidpipe t, if desired, the molten mass readily passes through the hollowconductors t and into thelower portions ofthe several molds d, placedupon the mold-support, the molds becoming readily iilled and subjectedto a treatment from the hydrocarbon gas passing through the pores of thesupporting-plate b5. In this manner any oXid that may have formed in theprocess of pouring is deoxidized and metal free from oXids is theresult. Furthermore, the arrangement of the asphaltum layers 71, uponthe conductors h preven ts any admission of the atmospheric oxygenthrough t-he pores of said conductors and into and between the crevicesbetween any two of such conductors, there by avoiding any deleteriouseffect upon the molten metal flowing through said conductors. As aneXtra precaution I have placed upon the funnel-shaped portion t' of thestand-piped a perforated cover or plate i2, having a small opening,whereby I greatly reduce the pou ringopening, and thereby prevent theadmission of the atmospheric oxygen into the stand-pipe, which mightotherwise oxidize the metal. In all other respects the process ofdeoxidation is the same as that described in connection with theconstruction of the mold-support and its parts connected therewith, asillustrated and describedin connection with said Figs. l to 7,inclusive, and therefore need not be further described. I

I am fully aware that changes may be made in several arrangements andcombinations of the various parts without departing from the scope of mypresent invention. Hence I do not limit my invention to the exactarrangements and combinations of the various parts, nor do I confinethyself to the exact details of the construction of `such parts.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim isl. The combination,with an ingot-nnold, of a supporting-plate on which said mold issupported, a support on which said supportingplate rests, and meansconnected with said support for conducting a gas beneath saidsupporting-plate, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination, with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, means for conducting a reducing-gasinto the same, and means within said base for the support of a moldthereon, and for retaining said gas in said base while the mold is stillcold, but permit it to pass through said supporting means when heated bythe molten metal in the mold, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

3. The combination with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, means for conducting a reducing-gasinto the same, a means within said base for the supportI of a moldthereon, and for retaining said gas in said base while the mold is stillcold, but permit it to pass through said supporting means when heated bythe molten metal in the mold, and a receptacle, constructed to contain acarbcnaceous material, upon said supporting means within said base-plateor foundation, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination with an ingot-mold, of

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a mold-support, consisting, essentially, of a chambered base, means forconducting a reducing-gas into the same, a means Within said base forthe support of a mold thereon, and for retaining said gas in said baseWhile the mold is still cold, but permit it to pass through saidsupporting means when heated by the molten metal in the mold, and aframe-like receptacle having perforations and constructed to contain acarbonaceous material, arranged upon said supporting means within saidbase-plate or foundation, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

5. The combination with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, having internal supportingribs, aloose material, which isa non-conductor of heat, in said base, means forconducting a reducing-gas into the same, a moldsupport on said ribs, forsupporting the mold and for retaining said gas in said base While themold is still cold, but permit it to pass through said support Whenheated by the molten metal in the mold, substantially as and .for thepurposes set forth.

6. The combination with an ingot-mold, of

Ia mold-support consisting, essentially, of a chambered base, havinginternall supportingribs, a loose material, Which is a non-conductor ofheat, in said base, means for conducting a reducinggas into the same, amold-support on said ribs, for supporting the mold and retaining saidgas in said base While the mold is still cold, but permit it to passthrough said support when heated by the molten metal in the mold, and areceptacle, constructed to contain a carbonaceous material, upon saidmold-support, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination with'an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, having internal supportingribs, aloose material, which is a non-conductor of heat, in said base, meansfor con'- ducting a reducing-gas into the same, a moldsupport on saidribs, supporting the mold and retaining said gas in said base while themold lis still cold, but permit it to pass through said support Whenheated by the molten metal in the mold, and a frame-like receptaclehaving perforations and constructed to contain a carbonaceous material,arranged upon said mold-support, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

8. The combination with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, having internal supportingribs, aloose material, which is a non-oonductor of heat, in said base, meansfor conducting a red coing-gas in to the same, a moldsupport on saidribs, having gas passages or ducts, a supporting-plate c thereon, havinga central depression, and a plate therein made of a refractory material,all arranged for the support of an ingot-mold and for retaining the gasin said base while the mold is still Cold, but permit it to pass throughsaid supports When heated by the molten metal, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

9. The combination with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, having internal supportingribs, aloose material, which is anon-conductor of heat, in said base, means forconducting a reducing-gas into the same, a moldsupport on said ribs,having gas passages or ducts, a supporting-plate c thereon, having acentral depression, and a plate therein made of a refractory material,all arranged for the support of an ingot-mold and for retaining the gasin said base while the mold is still cold, but permit it to pass throughsaid supports when heated by the molten metal, and a receptacle,constructed to contain a carbonaceous material, upon said mold-support,

substantially as and for the purposes set.

forth. i

l0. The combination with an ingot-mold, of a mold-support, consisting,essentially, of a chambered base, having internal supportingribs, aloose material, which is a non-conductor of heat in said base-plate orfoundation, means for conducting a reducing-gas into the same, amold-support on said ribs, having,

gas passages or ducts, a supporting-plate c thereon, having a centraldepression, and a plate therein made of a refractory material, allarranged for the support of an ingot-mold and for retaining the gas insaid base While the mold-is still cold, but permit it to pass throughsaid supports when heated by the molten metal, and a framelikereceptacle having perforations and constructed to contain acarbonaceousmaterial, arranged upon said moldsupport, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

1l. The combination,with an ingot-mold,of a mold-support, consisting, ofa chambered base, adapted to receive and retain a reducing-gas, meansconnected therewith for the support of vthe mold thereon, acentrally-arranged plate of a refractory material in said support, andmeans connected with said moldsupport for conducting said gas into saidmold-support, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 0 l2. Thecombination,withaningot-mold, of a chambered base a, having internalribs, of a support b on said ribs, a supporting-platee on said supportband a keeper plate or plates surrounding said mold, and means forconducting a gas into said base or foundation, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

13. The combination,withaningot-mold, of a chambered base a, havinginternal ribs, of a support b on said ribs, a supporting-plate c on saidsupport b, a keeper plate or plates surrounding said mold, andareceptacle, constructed .to contain a oarbonaceous matter, upon saidsupport b, and means for conducting a gas into said base or foundation,substantially as and for the lpurposes set forth.

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14. The combination,with an ingot-mold,of

a chambered base a having internal ribs, of a support b on said ribs, asupporting-plate c on said support b, a keeper plate or platessurrounding said mold, and a frame-like receptacle having perforationsand constructed to contain a carbonaceous material, arranged upon saidsupport b, and means for conducting a gas into said base or foundation,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

15. A support for an ingot-mold, co1nprising a base having a cavity anda mold-support therein, arranged and constructed to close said base ator near the top, but providing a surrounding space in said base for areducinggas, a loose material, which is a non-conductor of heat, in saidspace, and means for conducting the gas into said space and beneath themold-support, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

16. A support for an ingot-mold, comprising a base having a cavity, amold-support therein, arranged and constructed to close said base at ornear the top, but providing a surrounding space in said base for areducing-gas, gas-passages in said mold-support, a loose material, Whichis a non-conductor of heat, in said space, and means for conducting thegas into said space and beneath the moldsupport, and a keeper plate orplates thereon for retaining the mold in position, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

17. A support for an ingot-mold, comprising a base having a cavity, amold-support therein, arranged and constructed to close said base at ornear the top, but providing a surrounding space in said base for areducing-gas, gas-passages in said mold-support, a plate c having acentral depression, a plate therein made of a refractory material, and akeeper plate or plates thereon for retaining the mold in position, andmeans connected with said mold-support for conducting said gas into saidmold-support, substantially as and for the `purposes set forth.

18. The con1bination,with aningotmold,of a plate on Which said mold issupported, said plate having a depression, and a plate of a refractorymaterial in said depression, a support on Which said mold -supportingplate rests, and means connected with said support for conducting a gasbeneath said plates, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

19. 'l`hecombination,with an ingot-mold,of a supporting-plate on whichsaid mold is supported, and a plate of a refractory material on saidsupporting-plate, a mold-support on which said supporting-plate rests,and means connected with said mold-support for conducting a gas beneathsaid supportingplate, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereuntoset my hand this 27th day of November, 1899.

ADOLPHUS J. LUSTIG.

Witnesses:

FREDK. C. FRAENTZEL, GEO. D. RICHARDS.

